Durring the nineteenth century Japan and China were facing the threat of European dominance. Durring this time, European culture, ideas, art and Europe as a whole nation in general was spreading everywhere. They were in expanding in land, and therefore conquering many small nations. This made Latin America, Asia, The Middle East and and the whole globe very worried. They worried for their independence since thier global expansion was reaching it's peak. Because of this, Europe became "the center of the world's economy". One of the leading indicators why Europe was doing so well was the time frame it boosted in, which was the industrial revolution. People in Europe had the need to sell products, for example raw material, and fresh produce. The industrial revolution brought Europe many benefits and new technologies. Sunce Europe was the center of trade and new ideas sprouting, it was easier for them to expand with the help of these mechanisms. Some inventions that helped Europe expand were steamships, underwater telegraphs, quinine, rifles, and machine guns. Along with all of Europe's fame & success thier "heads started to grow" because of it. Europeans started thinking of themselves as better then any other race in the world. They started comming up with different ideas and theories to why they were the best type of race out there, which started to set up a heirarchy of races. Atthe bottom they placed Africans and worked their way up from skin tone. In their eyes, skin type mattered. Because of this, Europeans believed in the theory of " Social Darwinism" the idea that "it is inevitable that the “unfit” races are to be displaced or destroyed". This created drama with all the other nations & nonetheless started controversies.
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